National accounts

Updated: 18 August 2023

Next update: Not yet determined

Seasonally adjusted volume growth for GDP mainland Norway

November 2023

-0.2

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2023	September 2023	October 2023	November 2023
Gross domestic product	3.9	3.0	-0.5	-2.1	2.2	1.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway	4.5	3.8	0.1	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Petroleum activities and ocean transport	-0.3	0.6	-2.5	-10.1	9.4	6.3
Final domestic use of goods and services	2.5	5.3	-1.1	0.7	-0.5	1.0
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISH	5.1	6.2	0.5	-0.1	0.8	0.0
Final consumption expenditure of general government	3.6	1.1	0.9	0.4	-0.6	0.2
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	0.7	5.2	-2.1	0.2	-3.5	1.7
Total exports	6.1	4.7	-0.8	-4.3	3.8	0.3
Total imports	1.8	12.3	-2.5	2.7	-3.1	-0.7

Employed persons	1.1	3.9	0.1
Total hours worked	2.3	3.9	0.2
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are preliminary.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09174

StatBank source table 09175

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 11721

Selected tables and charts from this statistics

Table 1Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Monthly. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period¹
	April 2023	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	August 2023	September 2023	October 2023	November 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	-1.9	1.3	-0.3	0.7	-0.7	-0.1	0.8	0.0
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	-2.0	1.4	-0.4	0.7	-0.7	-0.2	0.9	0.0
¬¬ Goods	-4.1	2.3	-1.0	-0.1	-0.6	0.0	2.2	1.3
¬¬ Services	0.5	0.2	0.1	1.3	-0.6	-0.3	0.3	-0.2
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-2.7	1.7	-1.0	3.9	-0.8	0.0	-1.1	-6.1
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	3.3	-2.4	-4.1	5.9	2.5	2.4	4.7	-0.9
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.7	-0.2	0.4
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4	-0.6	0.2
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	0.6	0.1	0.4	-0.3	0.5	1.0	-1.2	-0.1
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	0.6	0.1	0.4	-0.4	0.5	1.0	-1.2	-0.2
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.9	-1.5	0.2
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.4
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-3.9	5.3	-0.3	-1.4	-3.0	0.2	-3.5	1.7
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	7.7	-0.5	-3.6	12.2	1.2	-2.7	-3.9	-1.4
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-31.6	207.4	8.1	-31.8	-39.1	-51.4	328.4	75.2
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-5.8	5.4	0.2	-3.5	-3.5	1.4	-4.7	1.1
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	-5.9	-0.3	7.7	-5.9	-4.7	2.0	-6.8	1.6
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	-7.1	1.1	11.6	-5.9	-6.6	4.3	-8.2	1.5
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	2.9	4.0	-1.4	2.1	1.2	-1.8	-14.8	-1.3
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	-6.0	3.5	10.0	-9.4	-1.3	3.9	-12.1	-1.5
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	-7.8	3.9	1.2	-4.0	3.7	0.0	5.8	-0.3
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-11.4	-11.0	30.1	6.1	-31.7	11.1	-2.6	15.5
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-3.1	-3.4	-1.3	-5.6	0.1	-3.7	-3.0	1.9
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-5.5	22.1	-17.8	3.9	-0.1	-0.3	0.9	-0.1
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-7.5	-2.5	5.5	-3.3	-1.4	-4.5	1.1	-2.2
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	25.4	-7.6	-15.0	-63.4	82.8	29.9	7.2	17.9
Gross capital formation	-0.8	3.6	-2.0	-7.7	0.4	2.4	-2.5	3.4
Final domestic use of goods and services	-1.0	1.8	-0.7	-2.0	-0.1	0.7	-0.5	1.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	-2.2	2.0	0.0	-0.5	-1.1	0.4	-0.9	0.3
Final demand from general government	-0.6	4.1	-3.3	0.7	0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.1
Total exports	0.1	-2.5	0.5	3.6	-2.7	-4.3	3.8	0.3
¬ Traditional goods (export)	-6.3	3.0	-1.9	2.6	-8.1	6.1	1.2	2.2
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	3.4	-5.6	2.2	6.0	-2.9	-10.2	6.6	-1.2
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	46.4	-38.4	39.2	-24.4	326.7	-87.5	-31.2	310.0
¬ Services (export)	0.1	-1.3	-0.4	0.3	0.7	0.8	1.5	0.2
Total use of goods and services	-0.6	0.3	-0.3	-0.1	-1.0	-1.0	0.9	0.8
Total imports	-1.4	3.5	-1.0	-2.7	-2.9	2.7	-3.1	-0.7
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	-1.4	3.6	-3.2	-2.0	-3.2	3.4	-4.8	0.6
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	71.8	-54.2	17.7	4.2	24.2	49.3	-5.9	-35.4
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	4.2	167.3	26.0	-35.9	-49.7	0.2	-40.2	-9.2
¬ Services (import)	-3.4	0.9	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.8	-1.1
Gross domestic product, market values²	-0.4	-0.7	0.0	0.7	-0.4	-2.1	2.2	1.2
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	-0.6	0.5	0.0	0.1	-0.4	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	0.4	-4.6	-0.1	2.8	-0.4	-10.1	9.4	6.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	-0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2	-0.6	0.4	0.3	-0.3
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	-0.4	0.5	0.1	0.2	-0.6	0.4	0.2	-0.5
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	-0.8	2.3	-1.3	1.4	-0.6	-1.4	1.2	-0.5
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	0.3	-1.6	2.1	0.1	-1.5	1.3	0.4	-2.1
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	-0.5	0.7	-0.2	0.0	-0.4	0.5	-0.1	-0.1
¬ General government (GDP)	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.5	0.2	0.7	0.4
Taxes and subsidies products	-3.4	1.4	-0.6	-0.9	0.6	-0.6	0.0	0.5
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 2Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Rolling three-month sum. Seasonally adjusted. Percentage change in volume^{1 2}
	February 2023 - April 2023	March 2023 - May 2023	April 2023 - June 2023	May 2023 - July 2023	June 2023 - August 2023	July 2023 - September 2023	August 2023 - October 2023	September 2023 - November 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	-3.6	-2.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.4	-0.2	0.2
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	-3.7	-2.1	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.4	-0.2	0.1
¬¬ Goods	-8.5	-5.3	0.4	-0.2	-1.1	-0.4	-0.3	1.4
¬¬ Services	0.1	0.4	0.7	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.2	-0.1
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	6.0	3.6	0.6	1.3	1.4	3.2	1.1	-2.0
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	3.2	2.9	1.1	-1.2	0.0	4.7	8.4	9.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	-0.5	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.7	1.0	1.0	1.0
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.3
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	-0.3	0.1	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.4
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	-0.5	0.0	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.3	0.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.0	0.7	0.3	0.1
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	-1.9	0.8	0.8	3.0	-0.1	-1.9	-5.0	-4.0
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-1.4	4.6	6.9	7.7	6.9	9.2	4.5	-1.4
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-75.7	-12.1	33.7	176.5	25.9	-41.6	-43.2	23.0
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	-0.1	0.3	-0.7	1.0	-1.8	-3.5	-6.4	-5.0
¬¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GFCF)	1.0	-0.7	-1.7	-0.4	-0.4	-3.7	-7.2	-7.2
¬¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	4.0	2.1	0.7	3.2	3.1	-1.6	-7.0	-7.4
¬¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-10.5	-0.2	7.7	8.1	4.0	2.7	-4.0	-10.5
¬¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	2.6	1.8	2.0	3.6	2.9	-2.1	-6.2	-8.9
¬¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	3.8	0.5	-3.7	-1.2	-0.5	0.4	3.3	4.9
¬¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	11.6	4.8	-1.3	4.8	6.8	-1.6	-18.3	-10.5
¬¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	-5.0	-6.4	-6.9	-8.4	-8.1	-8.6	-7.5	-6.8
¬¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-3.4	3.0	2.0	5.3	-5.8	-3.1	-4.1	1.6
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	13.0	0.6	-7.1	-5.2	-1.8	-3.1	-4.5	-6.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	68.8	17.7	-16.6	-34.6	-41.2	-44.7	-2.8	42.6
Gross capital formation	3.8	2.5	-1.6	-1.9	-4.9	-6.8	-4.8	-0.6
Final domestic use of goods and services	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-1.2	-1.7	-1.4	0.0
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	-1.6	-0.7	0.3	0.8	-0.1	-0.5	-1.5	-1.0
Final demand from general government	-0.2	1.1	1.1	1.7	-0.4	0.0	-0.4	0.5
Total exports	2.0	1.8	0.7	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	-1.9	-2.4
¬ Traditional goods (export)	5.1	7.0	2.7	1.4	-3.2	-1.4	-3.0	2.6
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	0.4	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	2.3	-0.1	-3.3	-6.7
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	113.6	123.1	65.4	0.0	85.8	52.1	57.9	-63.6
¬ Services (export)	1.5	0.3	-0.5	-1.5	-0.8	0.3	1.8	2.5
Total use of goods and services	0.4	0.6	0.2	-0.1	-0.7	-1.2	-1.5	-0.8
Total imports	0.4	2.0	2.1	1.3	-1.9	-3.2	-4.2	-2.5
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	-0.7	0.9	1.2	-0.5	-3.8	-4.0	-5.0	-2.5
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	2.4	-19.0	-12.5	-37.2	-11.8	15.2	74.4	47.6
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-24.9	57.1	127.8	196.0	42.8	-38.4	-65.5	-64.8
¬ Services (import)	3.2	2.8	0.0	-0.1	-0.8	0.1	0.3	0.4
Gross domestic product, market values³	0.4	0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-0.3	-0.6	-0.7	-0.3
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Petroleum activities and ocean transport⁴	1.9	0.2	-1.8	-3.1	-1.4	-2.5	-2.6	-1.8
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.0
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	1.2	0.7	0.4	-0.6	-0.7
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	-0.1
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.2
¬ General government (GDP)	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.5
Taxes and subsidies products	-0.6	-0.6	-1.8	-1.1	-1.3	-0.7	-0.6	-0.4
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Rolling three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period, for example growth in May to July compared with February to April. Furthermore, March, June, September and December represent the quarters in a year. For example, March will represent the first quarter.
³Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
⁴Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 11721

Table 3Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 626 348	1 815 979	442 007	503 890	459 823	479 293	463 283
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 534 999	1 711 870	418 058	475 448	431 161	452 111	438 370
¬¬ Goods	812 106	831 320	198 809	240 714	194 033	211 780	199 187
¬¬ Services	708 673	812 607	202 349	211 132	217 733	212 870	212 469
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	31 015	123 391	41 697	31 970	30 091	43 685	54 536
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 795	-55 448	-24 797	-8 368	-10 695	-16 225	-27 822
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	91 349	104 110	23 949	28 442	28 662	27 183	24 913
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	970 694	1 037 475	257 287	263 618	262 758	279 800	274 618
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	481 575	520 811	128 220	135 810	134 297	142 066	137 707
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	425 130	457 236	112 660	118 882	117 849	124 070	120 484
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	56 445	63 575	15 560	16 928	16 447	17 996	17 224
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	489 119	516 664	129 067	127 808	128 461	137 734	136 910

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	992 163	1 123 870	279 969	313 202	275 231	298 048	289 446
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	179 065	176 961	44 215	47 455	45 449	51 212	56 734
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	13 316	18 713	1 889	6 748	2 624	3 846	2 102
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	799 782	928 197	233 864	258 999	227 158	242 990	230 610
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	359 225	451 048	115 852	118 673	119 652	127 690	123 695
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	1 941	5 164	991	1 547	1 278	1 634	1 464
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	232 878	314 848	81 987	78 950	83 443	87 517	84 284
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	47 161	58 495	14 208	18 179	16 757	17 073	16 461
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	77 245	72 540	18 665	19 996	18 175	21 465	21 486
¬¬ welling service (households) (GFCF)	220 100	235 433	58 064	60 191	57 318	53 296	48 196
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	220 457	241 716	59 949	80 135	50 188	62 004	58 719
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	129	235	54	69	73	68	60
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	92 498	108 285	21 520	32 903	83 649	19 131	12 337
Gross capital formation	1 084 790	1 232 390	301 543	346 174	358 953	317 247	301 843

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 681 832	4 085 844	1 000 837	1 113 683	1 081 533	1 076 340	1 039 744
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 396 824	3 781 651	933 159	1 026 508	949 738	1 002 083	968 510
Final demand from general government	1 191 151	1 279 191	317 236	343 753	312 946	341 804	333 337

Total exports	1 860 860	3 165 739	986 392	759 579	642 489	568 318	564 903
¬ Traditional goods (export)	493 205	626 448	165 924	170 381	166 711	164 794	157 512
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	981 348	2 014 399	669 418	454 368	348 034	264 601	255 781
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	20 085	11 419	5 098	1 951	1 130	1 698	2 367
¬ Services (export)	366 222	513 473	145 952	132 879	126 614	137 225	149 243

Total use of goods and services	5 542 692	7 251 583	1 987 229	1 873 262	1 724 022	1 644 658	1 604 647

Total imports	1 218 761	1 547 027	410 407	425 896	394 560	427 672	412 717
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	815 435	972 540	252 176	268 198	248 551	255 080	234 143
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	19 638	22 984	5 519	7 072	7 492	5 527	6 816
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	37 465	27 337	5 679	7 289	4 602	11 020	5 196
¬ Services (import)	346 223	524 166	147 033	143 337	133 915	156 045	166 562

Gross domestic product, market values²	4 323 931	5 704 556	1 576 822	1 447 365	1 329 462	1 216 986	1 191 930
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3 315 319	3 642 754	888 595	971 071	958 645	940 460	922 451

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	1 008 612	2 061 802	688 227	476 295	370 817	276 527	269 479
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 885 868	3 218 889	784 630	857 588	853 489	826 797	811 234
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 150 588	2 433 690	590 020	659 537	657 887	615 393	605 047
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	249 265	286 674	67 859	78 864	78 920	77 946	79 298
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	416 304	538 910	143 222	148 808	138 352	110 183	111 724
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 485 019	1 608 106	378 939	431 865	440 616	427 265	414 025
¬ General government (GDP)	735 280	785 198	194 610	198 051	195 602	211 404	206 187
Taxes and subsidies products	429 451	423 865	103 964	113 482	105 156	113 662	111 216
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 4Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2021-prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. At constant 2021-prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 626 348	1 727 680	420 109	467 518	417 199	428 004	415 824
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 534 999	1 625 472	396 518	440 322	389 669	402 719	392 451
¬¬ Goods	812 106	781 326	184 016	218 714	175 991	188 022	176 851
¬¬ Services	708 673	781 189	196 537	201 167	198 193	194 773	196 018
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	31 015	113 245	38 096	27 945	25 003	34 026	43 358
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 795	-50 288	-22 131	-7 505	-9 517	-14 102	-23 776
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	91 349	102 208	23 591	27 196	27 529	25 285	23 373
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	970 694	981 009	245 143	249 152	247 894	251 003	252 891
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	481 575	494 527	123 248	127 110	125 209	126 290	126 476
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	425 130	435 823	108 637	112 219	110 109	111 157	110 981
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	56 445	58 703	14 611	14 891	15 100	15 132	15 495
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	489 119	486 482	121 895	122 042	122 686	124 713	126 414

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	992 163	1 043 917	258 014	282 984	245 260	259 692	253 305
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	179 065	166 236	42 032	42 812	39 875	43 230	48 996
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	13 316	16 759	1 572	5 760	2 317	3 016	1 790
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	799 782	860 859	214 410	234 412	203 067	213 445	202 518
¬¬Næringer (bruttoinvestering)	359 225	420 563	106 831	107 911	106 757	111 747	108 577
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	1 941	4 790	917	1 388	1 118	1 393	1 256
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	232 878	294 693	75 854	72 216	74 822	76 995	74 535
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	47 161	54 320	13 093	16 436	14 851	14 842	14 264
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	77 245	66 760	16 967	17 871	15 966	18 517	18 522
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	220 100	217 072	52 660	54 123	51 394	47 051	42 308
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	220 457	223 225	54 919	72 378	44 917	54 647	51 633
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	129	226	51	64	65	60	52
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	92 498	122 496	17 556	34 036	76 055	15 673	6 227
Gross capital formation	1 084 790	1 166 639	275 621	317 084	321 380	275 425	259 584

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 681 832	3 875 328	940 872	1 033 754	986 473	954 432	928 299
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 396 824	3 569 548	879 661	951 082	868 160	892 452	871 233
Final demand from general government	1 191 151	1 204 233	300 062	321 531	292 812	305 650	304 524

Total exports	1 860 860	1 947 850	509 570	500 732	490 706	483 096	493 016
¬ Traditional goods (export)	493 205	484 662	125 707	131 517	127 124	124 569	126 887
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	981 348	994 142	247 091	254 566	253 910	234 054	233 185
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	20 085	11 048	5 294	1 719	857	1 437	2 109
¬ Services (export)	366 222	457 997	131 479	112 930	108 816	123 036	130 836

Total use of goods and services	5 542 692	5 823 178	1 450 443	1 534 486	1 477 179	1 437 528	1 421 315

Total imports	1 218 761	1 368 841	354 463	364 040	333 159	355 918	346 563
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	815 435	841 048	209 303	226 547	205 671	208 304	193 665
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	19 638	14 483	3 369	4 362	4 868	3 366	4 213
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	37 465	24 707	5 112	6 187	3 629	8 436	4 305
¬ Services (import)	346 223	488 603	136 679	126 944	118 991	135 812	144 379

Gross domestic product, market values²	4 323 931	4 454 337	1 095 979	1 170 446	1 144 020	1 081 610	1 074 752
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3 315 319	3 440 117	841 467	905 014	878 598	841 764	838 949

Petroleum activities and ocean transport	1 008 612	1 014 220	254 513	265 432	265 422	239 847	235 803
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 885 868	3 002 620	735 468	787 722	773 643	735 095	736 054
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 150 588	2 245 292	544 743	595 249	583 393	542 677	544 047
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	249 265	247 931	59 425	63 766	64 264	60 987	59 067
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	416 304	419 388	103 917	112 656	110 095	91 560	103 737
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 485 019	1 577 973	381 400	418 827	409 034	390 130	381 243
¬ General government (GDP)	735 280	757 328	190 726	192 473	190 250	192 418	192 007
Taxes and subsidies products	429 451	437 497	105 998	117 292	104 955	106 668	102 896
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are preliminary
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

Table 5Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	5.1	6.2	2.2	3.9	3.3	-1.9	-1.0
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	5.1	5.9	2.1	4.2	3.1	-1.9	-1.0
¬¬ Goods	6.6	-3.8	-8.0	-0.4	-3.3	-4.3	-3.9
¬¬ Services	3.8	10.2	6.7	4.9	5.7	-0.7	-0.3
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-5.3	265.1	232.2	72.7	60.6	7.6	13.8
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-4.4	199.4	204.3	51.2	34.5	3.9	7.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	4.6	11.9	3.5	0.1	6.1	-0.7	-0.9
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	3.6	1.1	-0.3	1.2	2.2	2.8	3.2
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	3.7	2.7	2.0	3.1	3.4	2.6	2.6
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	4.3	2.5	1.8	3.0	3.4	2.5	2.2
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	-0.6	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.1	3.9	6.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	3.5	-0.5	-2.5	-0.8	1.1	2.9	3.7

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	0.7	5.2	7.5	2.5	0.0	0.8	-1.8
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-0.9	-7.2	-8.3	-8.9	0.4	3.7	16.6
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-20.9	26.3	346.4	23.1	-63.6	-3.6	13.9
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	1.6	7.6	10.7	4.5	1.9	0.3	-5.5
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	3.2	17.1	22.0	10.3	6.3	6.0	1.6
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-70.4	146.8	151.7	107.4	13.5	-7.1	37.1
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	9.5	26.5	30.2	15.6	2.6	4.4	-1.7
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	4.0	15.2	30.8	8.9	29.3	11.5	8.9
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-7.6	-13.6	-10.4	-8.7	6.1	9.7	9.2
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	3.5	-1.4	-0.8	-2.0	-7.9	-13.6	-19.7
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-2.5	1.3	3.5	1.6	4.5	3.2	-6.0
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-46.4	74.9	22.0	10.3	25.3	2.1	2.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-20.4	32.4	-29.6	45.8	31.6	19.7	-64.5
Gross capital formation	-1.9	7.5	4.1	5.9	6.0	1.7	-5.8

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.5	5.3	2.1	3.9	3.9	0.4	-1.3
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3.9	5.1	3.4	3.3	2.7	-0.1	-1.0
Final demand from general government	2.4	1.1	0.4	1.3	2.6	2.9	1.5

Total exports	6.1	4.7	11.0	1.6	4.8	2.9	-3.2
¬ Traditional goods (export)	6.7	-1.7	3.1	1.5	8.4	13.1	0.9
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	0.2	1.3	5.9	0.1	0.5	-2.4	-5.6
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	134.8	-45.0	-32.7	-78.4	-47.8	-40.0	-60.2
¬ Services (export)	8.2	25.1	37.2	11.9	12.9	5.0	-0.5

Total use of goods and services	3.4	5.1	5.0	3.1	4.2	1.2	-2.0

Total imports	1.8	12.3	14.0	9.9	8.0	4.1	-2.2
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.4	3.1	3.1	7.8	3.6	0.8	-7.5
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-11.8	-26.3	-3.6	17.7	74.0	-14.9	25.1
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-15.3	-34.1	-55.6	-47.3	-57.1	70.4	-15.8
¬ Services (import)	-2.8	41.1	47.0	20.0	20.4	7.6	5.6

Gross domestic product, market values²	3.9	3.0	2.4	1.2	3.2	0.3	-1.9
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	4.5	3.8	2.7	1.7	2.9	0.2	-0.3

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	-0.3	0.6	1.5	-0.6	4.0	0.3	-7.4
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	4.4	4.0	3.3	2.0	3.2	0.8	0.1
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	5.0	4.4	3.5	1.8	3.3	0.4	-0.1
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	5.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.8	1.1	-0.3	-0.6
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	4.5	0.7	0.8	-1.5	-0.2	-1.0	-0.2
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	5.0	6.3	4.9	3.1	4.7	0.8	0.0
¬ General government (GDP)	2.9	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.7	1.8	0.7
Taxes and subsidies products	4.6	1.9	-1.0	0.1	1.0	-3.3	-2.9
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 6Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Percentage change in prices from the same period in the previous year¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	2.9	5.1	6.0	6.8	7.2	7.4	5.9
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	2.9	5.3	6.0	6.9	7.4	7.5	5.9
¬¬ Goods	4.1	6.4	7.4	7.7	8.2	7.3	4.2
¬¬ Services	1.7	4.0	4.8	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-1.0	9.0	8.3	14.8	18.3	19.9	14.9
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	2.6	10.3	12.0	10.4	7.6	4.9	4.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	2.6	1.9	7.3	4.8	5.3	5.1	5.0
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	3.6	5.8	7.4	4.8	2.4	2.5	3.5
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	3.2	5.3	6.6	4.6	4.3	4.7	4.7
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	2.8	4.9	6.3	4.1	3.8	4.5	4.7
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	6.3	8.3	9.0	8.1	8.6	5.5	4.4
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	3.9	6.2	8.1	5.0	0.4	0.4	2.3

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	3.7	7.7	7.3	7.5	8.0	7.2	5.3
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	0.2	6.5	6.1	9.7	10.7	11.2	10.1
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	1.9	11.2	48.6	7.4	8.9	15.3	-2.3
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	4.5	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.5	6.2	4.4
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	3.4	7.2	7.3	8.1	8.1	7.2	5.1
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	3.5	7.8	5.9	6.6	10.0	9.8	7.8
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	3.4	6.8	7.7	6.5	7.7	6.8	4.6
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	3.1	7.7	7.2	8.8	8.7	7.9	6.3
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	3.8	8.7	6.6	13.2	9.1	7.7	5.4
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	6.8	8.5	6.6	5.5	6.7	4.9	3.3
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	4.0	8.3	8.1	7.0	7.2	5.7	4.2
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	44.9	4.1	5.2	8.4	12.0	10.8	9.4
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-14.2	-11.6	23.9	10.2	24.4	484.3	61.6
Gross capital formation	1.9	5.6	8.4	7.3	10.7	11.9	6.3

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.8	5.4	7.1	6.5	7.1	7.4	5.3
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3.5	5.9	6.8	6.4	5.9	5.7	4.8
Final demand from general government	3.6	6.2	7.5	5.3	3.1	3.1	3.5

Total exports	57.3	62.5	89.7	9.8	-13.3	-22.5	-40.8
¬ Traditional goods (export)	12.6	29.3	31.2	18.5	7.2	-0.6	-6.0
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	165.4	102.6	161.8	6.8	-23.9	-37.8	-59.5
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	-11.0	3.4	-10.2	39.1	32.2	3.6	16.5
¬ Services (export)	3.9	12.1	11.2	10.7	5.0	2.2	2.8

Total use of goods and services	16.3	24.5	36.7	7.7	-1.5	-5.1	-17.6

Total imports	4.3	13.0	14.9	12.2	10.1	8.4	2.9
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.0	15.6	18.8	12.9	11.2	7.1	0.3
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	29.6	58.7	53.0	37.6	0.5	6.3	-1.2
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	0.2	10.6	10.0	17.6	18.8	21.1	8.6
¬ Services (import)	2.1	7.3	8.4	9.6	8.1	10.8	7.2

Gross domestic product, market values²	20.2	28.1	43.8	6.6	-4.3	-8.9	-22.9
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	3.5	5.9	6.6	5.8	5.2	4.6	4.1

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	156.7	103.3	162.1	9.1	-22.7	-36.8	-57.7
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	3.8	7.2	7.9	7.1	5.0	4.0	3.3
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	4.0	8.4	8.9	8.6	6.4	4.6	2.7
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	0.6	15.6	8.7	23.5	13.8	9.6	17.6
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	19.9	28.5	35.5	15.9	6.5	-4.6	-21.9
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	0.8	1.9	1.5	4.2	5.4	6.5	9.3
¬ General government (GDP)	3.0	3.7	4.8	2.5	0.5	2.2	5.2
Taxes and subsidies products	1.7	-3.1	-2.3	-3.5	6.2	8.4	10.2
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09189

StatBank source table 09190

Table 7Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. At current prices. NOK million¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	1 626 348	1 815 979	459 247	486 021	464 992	475 925	480 904
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	1 534 999	1 711 870	432 915	459 381	437 924	448 747	453 076
¬¬ Goods	812 106	831 320	207 280	229 137	202 082	209 542	208 097
¬¬ Services	708 673	812 607	206 401	209 876	212 724	213 969	217 495
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	31 015	123 391	33 801	35 258	38 552	40 901	43 958
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-16 795	-55 448	-14 567	-14 889	-15 434	-15 665	-16 473
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	91 349	104 110	26 331	26 640	27 068	27 178	27 828
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	970 694	1 037 475	259 981	264 403	266 870	271 890	277 471
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	481 575	520 811	131 144	134 495	135 984	138 574	140 811
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	425 130	457 236	115 029	118 078	118 997	121 196	122 971
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	56 445	63 575	16 115	16 416	16 988	17 377	17 840
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	489 119	516 664	128 837	129 908	130 886	133 316	136 660

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	992 163	1 123 870	283 233	291 468	291 990	299 677	292 786
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	179 065	176 961	43 273	46 819	46 921	51 311	55 697
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	13 316	18 713	1 884	6 744	2 645	3 834	2 096
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	799 782	928 197	238 076	237 905	242 424	244 532	234 993
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	359 225	451 048	115 875	115 150	123 702	127 020	123 714
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	1 941	5 164	1 133	1 518	1 333	1 469	1 605
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	232 878	314 848	81 315	79 205	84 272	87 089	83 425
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	47 161	58 495	15 249	15 920	17 718	17 288	17 563
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	77 245	72 540	18 179	18 507	20 379	21 173	21 122
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	220 100	235 433	58 773	59 191	57 269	53 567	49 050
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	220 457	241 716	63 427	63 564	61 453	63 946	62 229
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	129	235	65	60	71	68	71
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	92 498	108 285	23 559	-2 764	47 803	33 402	60 698
Gross capital formation	1 084 790	1 232 390	306 856	288 764	339 865	333 147	353 555

Final domestic use of goods and services	3 681 832	4 085 844	1 026 083	1 039 188	1 071 727	1 080 962	1 111 930
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3 396 824	3 781 651	957 303	988 328	974 287	992 347	993 368
Final demand from general government	1 191 151	1 279 191	323 408	327 967	328 324	335 836	339 700

Total exports	1 860 860	3 165 739	925 869	737 790	664 105	629 887	502 533
¬ Traditional goods (export)	493 205	626 448	166 191	164 511	167 054	167 909	159 174
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	981 348	2 014 399	619 470	435 742	359 542	324 114	203 839
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	20 085	11 419	5 098	1 951	1 130	1 698	2 367
¬ Services (export)	366 222	513 473	135 110	135 586	136 379	136 165	137 153

Total use of goods and services	5 542 692	7 251 583	1 951 952	1 776 977	1 735 832	1 710 848	1 614 463

Total imports	1 218 761	1 547 027	405 468	414 509	411 366	425 081	407 915
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	815 435	972 540	256 235	257 040	251 817	255 533	241 319
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	19 638	22 984	5 793	6 920	6 828	6 226	7 221
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	37 465	27 337	5 679	7 289	4 602	11 020	5 196
¬ Services (import)	346 223	524 166	137 761	143 260	148 119	152 301	154 179

Gross domestic product, market values	4 323 931	5 704 556	1 546 484	1 362 469	1 324 466	1 285 768	1 206 548
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values	3 315 319	3 642 754	921 398	927 172	942 883	953 547	964 935

Petroleum activities and ocean transport²	1 008 612	2 061 802	625 086	435 296	381 583	332 220	241 613
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	2 885 868	3 218 889	815 058	820 754	831 988	841 424	850 768
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	2 150 588	2 433 690	618 756	621 178	631 991	637 897	642 787
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	249 265	286 674	71 641	75 879	77 126	80 693	83 403
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	416 304	538 910	145 835	131 271	133 160	124 897	115 140
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	1 485 019	1 608 106	401 280	414 029	421 705	432 308	444 244
¬ General government (GDP)	735 280	785 198	196 302	199 575	199 997	203 527	207 981
Taxes and subsidies products	429 451	423 865	106 340	106 419	110 895	112 123	114 167
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 8Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.

Final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarter and year. Seasonally adjusted figures. Percentage change in volume from the previous period.¹
	2021	2022	3rd quarter 2022	4th quarter 2022	1st quarter 2023	2nd quarter 2023	3rd quarter 2023
Final consumption expenditure of households and NPISHs	5.1	6.2	0.1	4.1	-5.2	0.4	0.5
¬ Household final consumption expenditure	5.1	5.9	0.0	4.3	-5.5	0.4	0.5
¬¬ Goods	6.6	-3.8	-1.1	8.9	-11.6	0.9	-0.2
¬¬ Services	3.8	10.2	0.6	0.4	-0.2	-0.4	0.3
¬¬ Direct purchases abroad by resident households	-5.3	265.1	3.5	-0.5	4.9	1.7	6.7
¬¬ Direct purchases by non-residents	-4.4	199.4	1.2	1.6	1.6	-0.3	5.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs	4.6	11.9	1.2	0.2	-0.9	0.3	1.0
Final consumption expenditure of general governmen	3.6	1.1	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.9	0.9
¬ Final consumption expenditure of central government	3.7	2.7	1.0	1.4	-0.6	0.8	0.9
¬¬¬ Central government, civilian	4.3	2.5	1.1	1.4	-0.8	0.8	0.8
¬¬¬ Central government, defence	-0.6	4.0	0.0	1.5	0.9	1.5	2.1
¬ Final consumption expenditure of local government	3.5	-0.5	0.1	0.3	1.4	1.1	0.9

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)	0.7	5.2	0.5	0.7	-1.0	0.7	-2.1
¬ Extraction and transport via pipelines (GFCF)	-0.9	-7.2	-3.4	4.3	-3.3	6.1	9.1
¬ Ocean transport (GFCF)	-20.9	26.3	-49.9	267.7	-59.3	28.5	-40.7
¬ Mainland Norway (GFCF)	1.6	7.6	2.0	-1.9	1.0	-0.7	-3.8
¬¬ Industries (GFCF)	3.2	17.1	1.9	-2.3	5.7	0.8	-2.3
¬¬¬ Services activities incidential to extraction (GFCF)	-70.4	146.8	-25.1	32.6	-14.3	7.6	8.6
¬¬¬ Other services (GFCF)	9.5	26.5	2.8	-4.1	4.1	1.8	-3.4
¬¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GFCF)	4.0	15.2	2.9	2.1	10.8	-4.5	0.7
¬¬¬ Production of other goods (GFCF)	-7.6	-13.6	-0.8	-0.1	10.1	0.8	-0.6
¬¬ Dwelling service (households) (GFCF)	3.5	-1.4	-2.4	-0.4	-4.6	-6.8	-8.7
¬¬ General government (GFCF)	-2.5	1.3	6.6	-2.4	-2.5	2.0	-2.8
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables	-46.4	74.9	-3.5	-11.9	29.2	-7.2	-3.5
Changes in stocks and statistical discrepancies	-20.4	32.4	4.2	-31.1	91.1	-14.3	-26.9
Gross capital formation	-1.9	7.5	0.9	-2.7	6.0	-1.4	-5.1

Final domestic use of goods and services	2.5	5.3	0.4	1.2	-0.6	0.0	-1.1
Final demand from Mainland Norway (excl. changes in stocks)	3.9	5.1	0.7	1.7	-2.2	0.3	-0.4
Final demand from general government	2.4	1.1	1.7	0.2	-0.1	1.1	0.2

Total exports	6.1	4.7	6.1	-2.9	-0.2	0.4	-0.8
¬ Traditional goods (export)	6.7	-1.7	9.7	-0.6	0.9	3.0	-1.0
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (export)	0.2	1.3	3.2	-3.4	-1.0	-0.5	-1.4
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (export)	134.8	-45.0	121.1	-67.5	-50.2	67.7	46.8
¬ Services (export)	8.2	25.1	6.3	-1.6	1.2	-0.8	0.1

Total use of goods and services	3.4	5.1	2.3	-0.2	-0.4	0.1	-1.0

Total imports	1.8	12.3	3.6	1.3	-2.5	2.2	-2.5
¬ Tradisjonelle varer (import)	5.4	3.1	3.9	0.8	-4.7	1.5	-3.2
¬ Crude oil and natural gas (import)	-11.8	-26.3	-22.2	26.9	1.0	-14.5	16.3
¬ Ships, oil platforms and aircraft (import)	-15.3	-34.1	3.3	21.0	-41.3	132.4	-49.0
¬ Services (import)	-2.8	41.1	4.1	0.5	3.0	0.2	1.2

Gross domestic product, market values²	3.9	3.0	1.9	-0.7	0.2	-0.5	-0.5
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, market values²	4.5	3.8	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1

Petroleum activities and ocean transport³	-0.3	0.6	6.4	-4.1	0.6	-2.4	-2.5
Gross domestic product Mainland Norway, basic values	4.4	4.0	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2
¬ Mainland Norway excluding general government (GDP)	5.0	4.4	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3
¬¬ Manufacturing and mining (GDP)	5.6	-0.5	1.0	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.4
¬¬ Production of other goods (GDP)	4.5	0.7	-0.5	-1.0	0.9	0.7	1.0
¬¬ Service activities (GDP)	5.0	6.3	0.9	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.1
¬ General government (GDP)	2.9	3.0	1.0	0.5	0.0	0.3	-0.2
Taxes and subsidies products	4.6	1.9	-0.7	0.5	-0.1	-2.1	-0.9
¹Figures from 2022 onwards are prelimanry
²Gross domestic product is measured at market prices, while value added by industry is measured at basic prices.
³Includes oil and gas extraction, transport via pipelines and ocean transport.

Explanation of symbols

Source

StatBank source table 09190

StatBank source table 09189

Table 9Revised figures of final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarterly. Percentage change in volume

Revised figures of final expenditure and gross domestic product. Quarterly. Percentage change in volume
	2 nd quarter 2022				3 rd quarter 2022				4 th quarter 2022				1 st quarter 2023
	Seasonally adjusted figures		Unadjusted figures		Seasonally adjusted figures		Unadjusted figures		Seasonally adjusted figures		Unadjusted figures		Seasonally adjusted figures		Unadjusted figures
	Percentage change in volume from the previous period		Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year		Percentage change in volume from the previous period		Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year		Percentage change in volume from the previous period		Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year		Percentage change in volume from the previous period		Percentage change in volume from the same period in the previous year
	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result	New result	Former result
Gross domestic product (GDP)	1.2	1.0	4.2	4.2	1.2	1.2	2.4	2.4	-0.1	0.0	1.2	1.2	0.3	0.2	3.3	3.0
GDP Mainland Norway	1.2	1.0	4.7	4.7	0.5	0.4	2.8	2.8	0.5	0.6	1.6	1.6	0.2	0.2	3.2	2.9
Household final consumtion expenditure	3.7	2.3	11.4	11.4	0.2	0.4	2.9	2.9	4.7	5.5	4.1	4.1	-5.7	-5.4	3.3	3.0
Final consumption of general government	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	-1.7	-1.7	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.5	3.0	2.3
Gross fixed capital formation	1.1	0.3	4.5	4.5	0.0	0.2	5.4	5.4	1.3	1.3	2.6	2.6	-1.1	-0.1	1.3	1.7
Exports	2.2	2.2	7.8	7.8	4.6	4.6	8.9	8.9	-0.9	-0.8	2.5	2.5	1.3	1.7	7.4	7.8
Imports	4.4	3.3	12.6	12.6	2.7	3.1	9.9	9.9	0.4	1.8	4.8	4.8	-0.3	0.3	6.7	7.8

Explanation of symbols

More figures from this statistics

See complete overview in Statbank (25)

About the statistics

The national accounts provide an overview of the state and development in the Norwegian economy. Key figures are gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, gross investment, exports and imports, employment and wages, profitability in industries and productivity. 1st to 3rd quarter is published with monthly national accounts in May, August and November. 4th quarter will be published February the following year, figures for t-2 in August.

The information under «About the statistics» was last updated 23 February 2023.

Definitions

Definitions of the main concepts and variables

See Concepts and definitions in national accounts for explanations.

Valuation

Registration of values: A transaction may be registered at different values, depending on under which circumstances it is registered. Different concepts regarding valuation are also relevant for the general aspect of registration (cf. cash values or accruals values, and other principles for the recording of statistical data). The transactions of variables in the national accounts follow the accrual principle. Thus, taxes and subsidies on production should be registered as accrued values and not as cash values as recorded in the government accounts.

In the description of the transaction of goods and services several price concepts are used. Output is valued at basic prices. Basic price is the price the seller receives, after corresponding taxes on the product are deducted (and subsidies added). The use categories, both intermediate consumption and final use, are valued at purchaser prices, that is the price the purchaser must pay. Exports are valued at fob (free on board), while imports are valued at cif (cost-insurance-freight).

The value added of an industry is "valued" at basic prices (calculated as output at basic prices less intermediate consumption at purchaser prices). The total value added of all the industries is also "valued" at basic prices.

GDP is "valued" at market prices, which means that taxes on products, including VAT, less subsidies on products are added to the total value added of the industries at basic prices.

Standard classifications

The accounting system of the Norwegian national accounts is based on the international standards for national accounts, i.e. 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. The accounting system outlines the framework and contents for production of national accounts statistics. The level of detail in the classifications used for compilation of quarterly and preliminary annual national accounts are more aggregated than in that used for calculation of the annual national accounts.

In addition to accounting structure, the international standards give recommendations of groupings or classifications to be used in the national accounts:

Activity classification

The classification of Industries in the National Accounts follows the Norwegian Standard Industrial Classification (SN2007), which is based on NACE Rev.2. Several levels of aggregation have been introduced for publication and reporting purposes.

Classification of non-financial assets and gross fixed capital formation

Non-financial assets are classified by type of aggregates defined in 2008 SNA, such as fixed assets, inventories, valuables, and non-produced assets, including both tangible assets such as land, subsoil-assets, water resources etc., and intangible assets such as transferable contracts etc. Gross fixed capital formation is grouped by main type within building and construction, machinery and equipment and transportation equipment.

Product classification

The product classification used in the national accounts is based on the EU's standard product classification CPA - Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Community. The CPA groups products by activities, i.e. it defines characteristic products within each activity and connects them to the activity classification NACE Rev.2. The annual accounts supply and use tables contain about 700 products, in addition to which some products are also incorporated purely for technical reasons. The system to elaborate preliminary annual and quarterly accounts contains about 90 products. The separation on products might to large extent be considered as a tool to balance the national account system and to undertake calculations in constants prices.

Classification of individual consumption by purpose

The classification of Consumption expenditure groups in the National Accounts is based on the international classification COICOP - Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose, published by the UN.

Classification of the functions of government

The classification of the functions of government by purpose applies to all types of general government expenses, such as government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, subsidies, property rents (i.e. expenses), capital transfers and other transfers for use in government financial accounts and in the national accounts. This classification is based on the international classification COFOG - Classification of the Functions of Government, published by the UN.

Classification of the purpose of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)

This is a minor purpose classification which applies to expenses of NPISHs. It is based on the international classification COPNI - Classification of the Purposes of the Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households, published by the UN.

Administrative information

Name and topic

Name: National accounts
Topic: National accounts and business cycles

Next update

Not yet determined

Responsible division

Division for National Accounts

Regional level

National level

Frequency and timeliness

The monthly national accounts (MNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given month.

The quarterly national accounts (QNA) are published about 40 days after the end of the given quarter. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months (from monthly national accounts).

The first estimates of the preliminary year is published about 40 days after the end of the year.

International reporting

Published figures are reported to Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Microdata

Not relevant

Background

Background and purpose

The national accounts (NA) statistics are designed to provide a consistent and comprehensive survey of the overall national economy. The national accounts give both a summarised description of the economy as a whole and a detailed description of transactions between different parts of the Norwegian economy, and between Norway and the rest of the world. The national accounts also provide information on capital stocks and employment.

The first Norwegian national accounts based on modern principles were published by Statistics Norway in 1952. Annual series national accounts were calculated back to 1865 during the 1950th.

Final annual national accounts figures are based on all available final economic statistics and therefore take time to produce. The purpose of the quarterly national accounts is to provide updated information about short-term developments in the Norwegian economy based on an overall, consistent accounting system. Statistics Norway has produced and released quarterly national accounts (QNA) on a regular basis from 1953 but were not published at fixed intervals from the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s. A new model for a QNA system was developed at the beginning of the 1980s and has been used since 1985, with some modifications.

National accounts are used as a tool to compare the economic situation in different countries, and therefore it is important that the national accounts in various countries are based on a common template. Staff involved in elaborating national accounts in Statistics Norway participated actively in developing international recommendations and concepts regarding national accounts. The first international standard for national accounts, 1953 System of National Accounts (1953 SNA), was published by UN in 1953.

From time to time adaptations or changes are made to the common international recommendations for national accounts. This requires corresponding changes in the construction of the Norwegian national accounts. At different time intervals, new source statistics are produced and indicate that parts of the national accounts figures need to be revised. Since one objective of the national accounts is to provide a picture of the development over time which is as correct as possible, it is not possible to introduce such changes from one year to another. With different time intervals, it will therefore be necessary to carry out major revisions of the national accounts figures, so-called main revisions, in order to introduce adaptations due to new international recommendations or introduce new levels based on new statistical sources. As part of these main revisions the time series are also revised so that the revised national accounts can give a consistent picture of the economic development over time.

In recent decades, Statistics Norway has carried out main revisions published in 1995, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2014. The main purpose of main revision published in November 2014, was to incorporate updated international recommendations in 2008 SNA andESA 2010. Changes due to this main revision are described, among else, in the article Main revision 2014. Planned changes in the national accounts statistics. The publication History of national accounts in Norway. From free research to statistics regulated by law also provides more information about the history of national accounts in Norway, including main revisions. In the future main revisions of the national accounts normally will be carried out every five years.

Since the QNA are completely harmonised with the annual national accounts, it is also necessary to revise the QNA figures once the annual national accounts figures have been revised.

Users and applications

The quarterly figures are mostly used for observation and analysis of the current economic cycle. The QNA figures also serve as a basis for making forecasts of the future economic development, the government’s work with the national budget and other economic planning. In addition, the QNA contribute with material for research and development. Annual and quarterly national accounts are a useful tool for analyses of the economic development and structures in Norway. The national accounts are also used to compare the economy in different countries.

The annual and quarterly national accounts therefore have a wide group of users, from school pupils and students to public and private institutions that actively use the statistics in their analyses and investigation of economic structure and development. Active users include the Research Department in Statistics Norway, the Ministry of Finance, Norges Bank, international organisations such as the IMF, the OECD, the World Bank, the UN and Eurostat, resident and non-resident financial sector analysts, and the media.

Equal treatment of users

No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.

Coherence with other statistics

The monthly figures are the basis for quarterly figures, quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be deviations between the monthly and quarterly figures in the two months before the new quarter is calculated. The deviations will mainly apply to seasonally adjusted figures. In addition, the monthly publication includes a table showing rolling numbers for three and three months. The three-month growth is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in the rolling table for July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter.

All historical figures are consistent with both preliminary and final annual national accounts figures in fixed and current prices

The Norwegian Balance of Payments (BOP) is an integrated part of the Norwegian system of national accounts, and the BOP figures are fully consistent with other preliminary and final quarterly and annual national accounts figures. Furthermore, quarterly and annual national accounts figures are fully consistent and compatible with the institutional sector accounts. The regional national accounts, and various satellite accounts (environment, tourism, health, non-profit institutions, education) are consistent with the above mentioned national accounts statistics. Previous published figures from the regional accounts and various satellite accounts are, however, not revised as a part of main revision of the national accounts, so figures for previous years may not necessarily be compatible with updated NA time series.

As mentioned in the chapter "Production: Data sources and sampling", the national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The source statistics may not use the same definitions or groupings as used in the national accounts. As a result, figures in the source statistics may be adapted or corrected before being used in the national accounts. Published figures in the source statistics of certain industries may therefore not correspond to published figures in the national accounts.

Legal authority

Not relevant

EEA reference

Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 (ESA 2010).
The European Parliament and of the council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (text with EEA relevance).

Production

Population

The coverage of the national accounts is defined by international guidelines in the 2008 System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), published by the UN, the OECD, the IMF, the World Bank, and the Commission of the European Communities, and theEuropean System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).

The total national economy, and the distinction between the national economy and foreign countries, is defined in terms of resident units. A unit is defined as a resident unit of the country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of the country - i.e. when it is involved in economic activities on this territory for an extended period of time (one year or more).

Two basic types of information are recorded in the national accounts: flows and stocks. Flows refer to actions and effects of events that take place within a given period of time, for example the output of an industry in one year. Stocks refer to positions at a certain point of time, for example the value of capital stock or the number of employed persons.

The national accounts consist of two main sets of tables; supply and use tables (SUT), also described as the real accounts, and the institutional sector accounts. The real accounts are based on local kind-of-activity units (KAUs), while the institutional sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are economic entities that are capable of owning goods and assets, of incurring liabilities and of engaging in economic activities and transactions with other units in their own right. An institutional unit contains one or more local kind-of-activity units (local KAUs). The local KAUs are classified by type of activity. An activity is characterised by an input of products, a production process and an output of products. All local KAUs engaged in the same or similar kind-of-activity constitute an industry.

The SUT at current and constant prices gives a structured overview of the supply (output and import) and use (final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, export and intermediate consumption) of products (goods and services) in the economy. For each industry the value added is calculated as the difference between output and intermediate consumption. The value added in an industry can also be decomposed into compensation of employees, consumption of fixed capital, other taxes on production (net of subsidies) and operating surplus. The real accounts also give information on fixed assets, as well as wages, hours worked, full-time equivalent persons and employed persons by industry. Monthly national accounts does not include figures for employment etc..

Furthermore, the real accounts provide the basis for the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other central macroeconomic measures. The annual growth in volume and price are calculated for most variables.

The non-financial sector accounts are based on institutional units. Institutional units are capable of providing a full set of accounts. The non-financial sector accounts describe all economic transactions in the various sectors. The accounts also provide information on the stocks financial and non-financial capital. Financial sector accounts are also based on institutional units. The institutional units are grouped in institutional sectors on the basis of their principal economic functions, behavior and objectives. The non-financial sector accounts are consistent with the real accounts. The further description of the national accounts covers the part of the national accounts that is based on the annual SUT (the real accounts).

The coverage of the preliminary annual and quarterly real accounts is the same as the final annual SUT

The accounting structure in the system that produces monthly, quarterly and preliminary annual figures (MNA) is, however, more aggregated than in the system that produces the final annual SUT. While the SUT in the annual accounts consists of about 130 industry groups and 700 product groups, the SUT in the MNA consists of about 80 industry groups and 120 product groups. The MNA and QNA system produces tables with seasonal adjusted figures for industries' value added, household consumption for aggregated consumption groups and for central macroeconomic measures. However, only tables for final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis, while the QNA contain more details.

Data sources and sampling

The calculations of the annual real accounts are based on statistics from several different sources, such as the structural business statistics for manufacturing and other industries, accounting statistics for general government and enterprises, statistics for wages and earnings, external trade statistics, household consumer surveys and employment statistics. Some parts of the national accounts are compiled more or less directly from the source statistics, while other parts are based on calculations and estimates.

Monthly information is used for compiling monthly national accounts, such as the production index of industrial production, the index for retail sales, consumer price index, building statistics, producer price indices and much more. For some service industries where we lack explicit production indicators, monthly information about jobs, working days and absence is obtained from the A-ordning. For investments where we only have quarterly information, such as oil investments, quarterly figures are conventionally distributed by month. In the months before we get the so-called oil census, the development is used in the planned investment figures reported together with those performed for a quarter. In connection with the work on the QNA, quarterly information is incorporated and an update of the previous months is made. Quarterly national accounts will appear as the sum of the three months in the quarter.

The source statistics used to calculate national accounts are with a few exceptions produced by Statistics Norway.

Having the reporting responsibility to Eurostat, the Division for National Accounts occasionally documents the calculations for the final annual national accounts, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

In addition, there are a number of reports giving more detailed documentation of calculation of figures for various specific industry groups or other parts of the national accounts (mostly in Norwegian only).

The documentation report for the Quarterly national accounts gives an overview of central sources and methods used for quarterly accounts compilation. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Collection of data, editing and estimations

Compilation of the final annual real accounts

The annual national accounts are mainly based on statistics collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway. To some extent data produced by external suppliers are also used.

The process of compiling the final annual national accounts starts with the calculation of independent supply and use estimates for all goods and services at current prices. To some extent, source data are extracted directly from the databases and converted into national accounts codes and format. Other parts of the economy are based on more complex calculations, by means of different statistical sources and/or assessments.

The source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some areas, the statistics have to be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the national accounts. In areas where the statistics are incomplete, evaluations are essential. In the process of estimating national accounts data, estimated national accounts figures are critically evaluated and controlled in several steps.

Finally, supply and use for each of these goods and services are balanced using supplementary information and quality assessments of the various statistical sources. This results in integrated supply and use tables at current prices.

The figure below gives an outline of the calculation system for final annual national accounts figures. First, detailed figures are calculated and balanced in current prices. Then the system calculates figures in constant prices, based on the detailed current price figures and corresponding price indices. The deflation (current values being divided by price indices) takes place at the most detailed product level: A price index is allocated to each detailed product. The individual products are as price homogeneous as possible. Constant price figures in the annual national accounts are calculated using the price level of the previous year, which means that the base year is changed every
year.

The deflation approach has in fact two dimensions, (i) differentiated by main categories of supply and use (deflating output, imports, exports and implicitly for domestic use), and (ii) differentiated through valuation (deflating current values at basic prices by price indices and implicitly determining the other value components, including adjustments against values at purchaser prices). The method used to calculate constant figures is called double deflation, i.e. a separate deflation of output and intermediate consumption is carried out in order to arrive at value added at constant prices as a balancing item, based on a detailed input-output framework (supply and use tables).

Figure 1. The calculation system for final annual NA figures (Click)

For a more detailed documentation, see Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95.

Compilation of the MNA and QNA

The majority of the short-term statistics produced by Statistics Norway are transferred to the MNA system by use of a direct link to the relevant databases. The information in the data sources about growth is used more or less directly in the MNA system. Some other input data series in the MNA system, however, are based more or less on calculations and estimations, using various types of information from Statistics Norway and other sources. Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The quarterly figures within a specific year t become final 21 months later after the end of the year t. In addition, periodical main revisions generate revised figures.

In the process of calculating MNA or QNA figures for a specific month or quarter, the short-term statistics source data are critically evaluated and compared with alternative sources (for some parts of the economy). In some cases, the information in the source statistics must be adjusted in order to satisfy the requirements of the quarterly national accounts. In the process to estimate MNA data estimated MNA figures are critically evaluated and controlled in many steps.

Monthly process
The figure below gives an overview of the Norwegian MNA and QNA estimation process. The figure shows that the MNA system is based on two main pillars: a) The SUT for the (final) annual national accounts and b) short-term statistics.

Figure 2. The computing system in the Norwegian MNA/QNA

The main principle in the MNA system is that the national accounts figures for the current quarter are computed based on the development of short-term indicators and the current-price figures from the base year. The base year (t-2) is the latest calculated final version of the annual national accounts. The method is the same for most common variables: The value in the base year is given the same growth rate (percentage change) as in the appropriate indicator, or a grouping of different relevant indicators.

A simple projection method, based on the development in previous periods, is used if an indicator does not cover the whole period from the base year to the current quarter.

The indicator compilations are made in the indicator process (box 2 in the figure).

However, the indicator process alone does not give a complete harmonised account at current and constant prices. To calculate values for variables that are not calculated in the indicator compilations, and to harmonise the accounts, we use an input-output model (box 3 in the figure).

The input-output model includes a commodity-flow balance, a price input-output system and a set of equations for summaries and definitions. It now comprises over 12 000 equations in total. The input-output coefficients are calculated from the SUT in the base year. The variables calculated in the indicator compilations are transferred to the input-output model as exogenous variables. To calculate balanced accounts at current prices we need price indices on all supply and use categories. These are computed in the model by weighting together product price indices with the input-output coefficients as weights. Each product gets three different price indices, one for resident output delivered to the home market (to resident users), a second for import and a third for export.

The price index for an industry’s total output is then calculated as a weighted average of the price indices for the home and export market using the input-output coefficients as weights. The price indices of intermediate consumption, final consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation are calculated in a similar way, using the import and home market price indices and the input-output coefficients.

The model also calculates variables which are not covered by short-term statistics or other information and therefore not calculated in the indicator process. These calculations are based on simple assumptions. For instance, intermediate consumption for most industries at constant prices (the total except FISIM) is assumed to be a fixed proportion of total output for the relevant industry. The distribution of intermediate consumption (except FISIM) on different products at constant prices is also assumed to be the same as in the base year. The industries’ use of FISIM as intermediate consumption is supposed to equal the growth in total output of FISIM services. Output in the retail and wholesale trade activities in constant prices is assumed to follow the development of the use of the various goods in constant prices, such as household consumption, intermediate consumption and gross fixed capital formation of the various specific goods (that means supposed fixed margins).

Changes in stock of separate products are (for most products) calculated as the difference between the total supply and use of the product. As in the annual NA, the changes in stock may be adjusted if that seems reasonable after an evaluation of the figures.

The results are stored in the time series database (box 4 in the figure), which, among other things, provides the basis for different sets of tables (box 6). At the moment there are two different sets of tables (with seasonal unadjusted figures), sets for internal checks and analyses of data and more aggregated sets of data for publishing.

Process 1-4 describes how the quarterly seasonally unadjusted figures are estimated. The unadjusted figures are seasonally adjusted (box 5) using a seasonal adjustment program.

The method adopted to compile the MNA is highly mechanical. This applies to the update of variables in the national accounts based on short-term statistics as well as the balancing of commodities, the computation of indirect taxes and factor incomes and the overall balancing of the GDP and main aggregates. Technically, the data systems are programmed in FAME and TROLL (the latter is used for the input-output model only).

Checks and/or the evaluation of data are, however, performed in several steps. The MNA system offers a unique opportunity to compare different types of input data. The evaluation of the different sources is done in close contact with the relevant statistics divisions in Statistics Norway. A more thorough evaluation is being done when processing and publishing quarterly figures, while the monthly process is more automated and less profound. Therefore, only final expenditure and gross domestic product are published on a monthly basis while the quarterly accounts offer more details.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the total of three months at quarterly releases. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be a mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months. This applies mainly to seasonally adjusted numbers. That is, when you get a new observation (new month), it will normally affect the seasonally adjusted figures back in time. We do not update the QNA numbers that have also been sent to international organizations before the next quarters release. At the same time, we show figures for three-month growth. This is calculated by comparing a three-month period with the previous three-month period. For example, the volume change in July is given by comparing the period May-July with February-April. Figures for March, June, September and December will correspond to growth for a quarter. This means that users may get a continuous update of the quarterly figures by looking at the monthly publication.

Annual process and alignment

The MNA system is updated with a new base year every year (i.e. the latest final version of the annual accounts). The database for the annual accounts (box 1a), as well as the base data and coefficients in the harmonisation model (box 3) are updated. At the same time, it is possible to implement new indicators, carry out changes in the input series and in the model, etc. Such changes are not carried out in an ordinary monthly or quarterly process.

The recalculation of the monthly accounts is carried out by distributing the annual figures between the months using the original monthly figures as keys. The recalculated monthly accounts will then add up to the annual accounts at constant and current prices.

The harmonisation is based on the principle that the differences between the monthly changes to the original and harmonised series shall be as small as possible. The monthly accounts should add up to the figures in the annual accounts.

When the base year is updated the MNA for that year is aligned automatically.

Reference year

All figures are published at current prices and (for most sizes) constant prices (i.e. the accounts also specify volume and price changes). Constant-price estimates in the national accounts are calculated based on the previous year's prices; i.e. the base year is changed every year. Subsequently, data on volume changes are constructed in terms of growth rates and corresponding implicit data on changes in prices. In parallel, time series of volume figures are constructed by using prices from a reference year. The constant-price estimates are consistent with the data on changes in volume in the series of growth rates. Since the chaining is carried out separately for all items, the table components do not, however, necessarily add up to the totals of the same table.

The publication Quarterly national accounts gives more information about sources, methods and the processes used to calculate quaterly NA figures. This will be updated in the autumn of 2018 to include monthly national accounts.

Seasonal adjustment

The methods and routines used to produce seasonally adjusted figures are described in the chapter About seasonal adjustment.

Confidentiality

§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier. This means that the general rule is not to publish data if there are fewer than three enterprises in an industry. In practice, this means that for some detailed industry categories, figures must be aggregated up to a more aggregated industry group before they can be published.

Comparability over time and space

Consistent monthly time series will exist back to 2016. Consistent quarterly time series will exist back to 1978 and annual time series back to 1970. Annual NA figures for the years 1865-1970 are based on the previous standards used for the national accounts and are not compatible with the up to date figures after the latest main revision of the NA.

Quarterly figures are calculated as the sum of three months. Quarterly figures will be updated only when publishing the third month in the quarter. This means that there may be mismatch between the monthly and quarterly figures in the interim months, see the description of the monthly process above.

Monthly figures, and thus quarterly figures, are aligned with the final annual national accounts figures, both in fixed and current prices. The other parts of the national accounts, such as income and capital accounts, and foreign accounts are also consistent and consistent with MNA.

Accuracy and reliability

Sources of error and uncertainty

The national accounts are based on various statistical sources. The sources are either survey data from establishments, enterprises or households, or data from registers. National accounts statistics reflect the inaccuracy in the statistical sources and the methods of compilation. Weaknesses and inaccuracy in the statistical sources are normally described in the documentation of the relevant sources.

Since the national accounts are an integrated system with balancing methods and consistency checks, the national accounts may reduce some of the inaccuracies in the statistical sources. On the other hand, national accounts require the compilation of statistics in areas where the sources are unsatisfactory, and the inaccuracy in such areas may therefore be significant. Some of the figures in the national accounts are estimated as residuals, and the uncertainty may be substantial in these areas. Examples are the compilation of changes in inventories and operating surplus by activity.

The EU Commission and Eurostat have completed a quality evaluation of the national accounts in all EEA countries. The conclusion was that "The Norwegian national accounts are of a high quality, soundly based on reliable and exhaustive sources, integrated in a system with a detailed product breakdown". (Report on the sources and methods used in compiling GNP in Norway, Eurostat/B1/CPNB/237/EN, 9 December 1997, Luxembourg.)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed an evaluation of central parts of Norwegian macroeconomic statistics in autumn 2002, including the Norwegian national accounts. In the report IMF (2003), the Norwegian macroeconomic statistics, including the national accounts, got positive reviews: "In summary, Norway's macroeconomic statistics are of generally high quality." About the national accounts, the IMF also expressed that: "The source data for both the annual and the quarterly national accounts are generally sound and timely, and sufficiently portray reality."

The production of several of the sources that are used in the national accounts takes a considerable amount of time. Consequently, preliminary figures are more inaccurate than final figures.

In 2003, Statistics Norway carried out a project to evaluate the quality of the Norwegian QNA. The task of the project was to describe and evaluate the different processes in the system, and set up a plan for further work to improve quality. A project report was released in April 2004 (in Norwegian only). The report lists a variety of measures to increase quality, such as changes in the organisation of the QNA process, technical changes in the data system, an increase and improvement of the documentation related to the QNA system etc.

Another way of measuring the general quality of the QNA figures is to compare the preliminary annual figures from the first version of the annual accounts (by adding up the quarters in the QNA) with the final version. This was done in 2004. The article (in Norwegian only) looks at the growth rates of the main aggregates: GDP, GDP for mainland Norway, household consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, exports, imports and compensation of employees. For most variables, the study covers the years 1972-2002, while for some variables it covers the years 1993-2002. The study concludes that the preliminary figures generally had underestimated the growth rate in relation to the final figures, but that the overall picture did not differ too much.

Revision

The national accounts data for a specific month, quarter or year are revised in accordance with an ordinary publication and revision cycle. The monthly and quarterly figures within a specific year t have the status final 21 months after the end of the year. See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness. In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. See Background and purpose. The table below shows the publication cycle for yearly and quarterly national accounts figures. In addition to what is stated in the table, monthly data will be published about 40 days after the end of the month. In May, year t (which coincides with the QNR for the first quarter), all months, also in year t-1, can be revised. After May year t, only the monthly figures for the current year are subject to revision.

Publication cycle for quarterly and yearly national accounts figures
Release date in:	1st quarter year t	2nd quarter year t	3rd quarter year t	4th quarter year t
May, year t	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1 for year t-1
August, year t	Revised 1 Revised 5 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	First preliminary version Revised 4 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 3 for year t-1 Final for year t-2	Revised 2 for year t-1 Final for year t-2
November, year t	Revised 2	Revised 1	First preliminary version	Revised 3 for year t-1
February, year t	Revised 3 for year t-1	Revised 2 for year t-1	Revised 1	First preliminary version for year t-1

Relevant documentation

Goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/02)
Process tables in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/03)
Improved treatment of insurance in the Norwegian national accounts. Notater (2015/04)
Changes in inventories in the Norwegian National Accounts - Accounting data as a source for changes in inventories. Notater (2017/13)
Quarterly national accounts - methods and sources of the quarterly national accounts compilations for Norway December 2013. Notater (2014/02)
Revised national accounts figures 1970-2010
History of national accounts in Norway - from free research to statistics regulated by law. Notater (113)
Norwegian National Accounts - GNI Inventory for ESA95
Norwegian methodology for supply and use tables and input-output tables. Notater (2009/8)

About seasonal adjustment

General information on seasonal adjustment

What is seasonal adjustment?

Monthly and quarterly time series are often characterised by considerable seasonal variations, which might complicate inter-period comparability. Such time series are therefore subjected to a process of seasonal adjustment in order to remove the effects of seasonal fluctuations. Once data have been adjusted for seasonal effects by X-12-ARIMA or some other seasonal adjustment tool, a clearer picture of the time series emerge.

For more information on seasonal adjustment, please refer to Statistics Norway’s: metadata on methods: seasonal adjustment.

Why seasonally adjust these statistics?

Because of climatic conditions, public holidays and holidays in July and December, the intensity of the production varies throughout the year. The same applies to household consumption and other parts of the economy.

This makes a direct comparison of two consecutive months or quarters difficult. In order to adjust for these conditions, the quarterly national accounts are seasonally adjusted which makes it possible to conduct an analysis of the underlying change in economic activity between periods.

It is important to mention some factors of the seasonally adjustment of the MNA which has to be given specific attention compared to other short time economic indicators:

- The series for the main aggregates in the MNA is a result of aggregation of many components. Statistics Norway has chosen that consistency between the components and the main aggregates also applies to the seasonally adjusted series to make it easy to identify which series contribute the most to the results.

- Data may be exposed to some revisions each month as well as major revisions when the the preliminary national accounts are reconciled with final national accounts

Background information

- To seasonally adjust the GDP (and all other aggregates) we use an indirect method. This is done in order to be able to explain the contributions to GDP-growth, and consensus is that this is the preferred method for this kind of data. Please see chapter below for more details on the direct vs. indirect approach to seasonal adjustment.

- This method has given us some challenges related to the seasonally adjusted historical series. The reason is that series older than the base year are not additive. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

- We use information from the entire period of the time series to estimate seasonal adjustment factors, but we use this information only from the year before the base year to the present.

The method chosen is in accordance with the ESS-Guidelines on seasonal adjustment.

Seasonally adjusted series

Over a thousand series are seasonally adjusted every month. The series are adjusted at a disaggregated level and then summed up to the main aggregates.

The series for gross value added at industry level are adjusted directly, as opposed to being calculated as the difference between production and intermediate consumption.

For final consumption expenditure of households, the series are seasonally adjusted by applying the seasonal factors that are estimated for the index of household consumption of goods (see the documentation for seasonal adjustment of the index of household consumption of goods).

Pre-treatment

Pre-treatment routines/schemes

Pre-treatment is an adjustment for variations caused by calendar effects and outliers.

We run a pre-treatment of some series/main series.

Calendar adjustment

Calendar adjustment involves adjusting for the effects of working days/trading days and for moving holidays. Working days/trading days adjustments are made for both the number of working days/trading days and for the varying composition of days from one month to another.

It is performed calendar adjustments on all series showing significant and plausible calendar effects within a statistically robust approach, such as regression or RegARIMA (a regression model with an ARIMA structure for the residuals).

Methods for trading/working day adjustment

RegARIMA correction – in this case, the effect of trading days is estimated in a RegArima framework. The effect of trading days can be estimated by using a correction for the length of the month or leap year, regressing the series on the number of working days, etc. In this case, the residuals will have an ARIMA structure.

Correction for moving holidays

We run an automati correction with X-12-ARIMA. The utomatic correction of raw data will be based on Norwegian holidays.

National and EU/euro area calendars

Use of the Norwegian calendar with X-12-ARIMA.

Treatment of outliers

Outliers, or extreme values, are abnormal values of the series

Outliers are detected automatically by the seasonal adjustment tool. The outliers are removed before seasonal adjustment is carried out, and then reintroduced into the seasonally adjusted data.

Model selection

Pre-treatment requires choosing an ARIMA model, as well as deciding whether the data should be log-transformed or not.

Decomposition scheme

The decomposition scheme specifies how the various components – basically trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular – combine to form the original series. The most frequently used decomposition schemes are the multiplicative and additive.

Manual selection of decomposition scheme after graphical inspection of the properties to the specific series.

Comments: Additive decomposition is used for series with (potential) negative values or values equal zero, otherwise multiplicative decomposition is used.

Seasonal adjustment

Choice of seasonal adjustment approach

X-12-ARIMA

Consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between raw and seasonally adjusted series is imposed.

No constraints are applied.

Consistency between aggregate/definition of seasonally adjusted data

In some series, consistency between seasonally adjusted aggregates and its components is imposed. For some series there is also a special relationship between the different series, e.g. GDP which equals production minus intermediate consumption.

Definitions and relationships that hold for unadjusted figures also apply for seasonally adjusted figures.

Comments: The supply side equals the use side also for seasonally adjusted figures. This implies that changes in stocks/statistical discrepancies are treated as a residual in the seasonally adjusted figures (balancing item). The series for gross value added are adjusted directly (see chapter 1.3) and are not required to match the difference between seasonally adjusted series for production and intermediate consumption (thus, vertical – not horizontal – consistency is imposed).

Direct versus indirect approach

Direct seasonal adjustment is performed if all time series, including aggregates, are seasonally adjusted on an individual basis. Indirect seasonal adjustment is performed if the seasonally adjusted estimate for a time series is derived by combining the estimates for two or more directly adjusted series.

Mixed indirect approach is applied

Comments: MNA uses aggregation routines outside X-12-ARIMA.

Horizon for estimating the model and the correction factors

When performing seasonal adjustment of a time series, it is possible to choose the period to be used in estimating the model and the correction factors. Correction factors are the factors used in the pre-treatment and seasonal adjustment of the series.

The whole time series is used to estimate the model and the correction factors

Audit procedures

General revision policy

Seasonally adjusted data may change due to a revision of the unadjusted (raw) data or the addition of new data. Such changes are called revisions, and there are several ways to deal with the problem of revisions when publishing the seasonally adjusted statistics.

Seasonally adjusted numbers are revised in accordance with a well-defined and publicly available revision policy and release calendar.

Concurrent versus current adjustment

The model, filters, outliers and regression parameters are re-identified and re-estimated as new or revised data become available.

Horizon for published revisions

The individual series will be revised when seasonal factors are re-estimated. Concerning the main aggregates the period of revisions is limited from the base year to the present.

Comments: This applies as long as the unadjusted figures before the base year remains unchanged. When a new base year is established, and the time series are updated, we use identical seasonal adjustment factors as before. This means that changes in seasonally adjusted data are only due to changes in the unadjusted data.

Quality of seasonal adjustment

Evaluation of seasonally adjustment data

Continuous/periodical evaluation using standard measures proposed by different seasonal adjustment tools.

Special cases

All series are sufficiently long to perform a seasonal adjustment.

Posting procedures

Data availability

Both unadjusted (raw), seasonally adjusted and sum rolling three months data are available.

Press releases

In addition to raw data, at least one of the following series is released: pre-treated, seasonally adjusted, seasonally plus working day adjusted trend-cycle series.
Both levels and growth rates are presented.
Empirical values are presented to evaluate revisions of data in earlier press releases.